Sex differences in sacra in the Punjab region

Seventy four sacra in the Punjab region of Pakistan were studied; these were collected from the Departments of Anatomy, Fatima Jinnah Medical College [FJMC], Services Institute of Medical Sciences [SIMS] and Combined Military Hospital Medical Colleges [CMHMC], Lahore. Various Points on the sacra were demarked and seven different parameters were measured and the percentage of bones identified by the demarking points [DP]. The data of the Punjab region, thus was collected was compared with data available from the Agra region, India. Among the measurements recorded, it was noticed that the demarking points of length of sacrum and its surface were reliable for sex differentiation. Furthermore, the sacral and the auricular indices were most dependable for determining the sex of the sacra, accuracy is 100%, any single parameter may not identify sex of the bones in 100% cases

Anatomical variations; the origin of profunda femoris artery, its branches and diameter of the femoral artery

Profunda femoris artery and its circumflex branches are encountered during cannulation of femoral artery for various clinical and diagnostic techniques. To study the variations in the origin of the profunda femoris artery and its circumflex branches along with measurement of internal diameter of femoral artery. Cadaveric studies. Anatomy Departments of Fatima Jinnah Medical College and Services Institute of Medical Sciences, Lahore. From 04-08-06 to 30-06-07. In 20 adult male cadavers, 40 femoral triangles were dissected and femoral artery, profunda femoris artery and its branches were exposed. The distance of origin of the profunda femoris artery from the mid point of inguinal ligament and the origin of the circumflex arteries from the profunda femoris were measured by a scale and radial caliper. The internal diameter of femoral artery was recorded with radial caliper after injecting it with gelatin and undiluted Indian ink. In 12 to 14 cases the origin of the profunda femoris artery was located between 20-40 mm from mid point of the inguinal ligament. In 6-8 cases profunda femoris originated lower down in the thigh than the common location. Only in one case the medial circumflex artery was seen emerging from the femoral artery at the level of origin of profunda femoris artery. In one case lateral circumflex artery originated directly from the femoral artery unilaterally. The internal diameter of the femoral artery ranged between 6-10 mm

sagittal diameter of lumbar vertebral canal in dult Pakistani women and men

An osteometric study of anteroposterior diameter of lumbar vertebral canal and intervertebral foramina was carried out among 50 adult Pakistani males and females. The results were compared with findings from Nigeria and the comparisons of results reveal that the mid sagittal diameter of the canal is subject to racial variations, which is dependent primarily on the thickness and orientation of the lamina and to a lesser extent on the height of the pedicle. The importance and significance of these findings are discussed

Comparative effects of two types of ginseng on liver

This study was undertaken to check the comparative changes in the liver of guinea pigs, induced by the soxhlet water extracts of Pakistan and Korean Ginseng. Two types of ginseng were given orally to eight animals in each group for a period of two months. In both the groups, although no changes were observed on gross examination of liver specimens, yet the histological examination revealed intercellular fat droplet accumulation, glycogen depletion, occasional round cell infiltration and mild to moderate congestion. These histological changes were also significant between the treatment groups. The morpho metric analysis regarding the number of necrosed hepatocytes and the number of portal lobules in a given area and the area of portal lobules statistically signify that the long standing intake of ginseng should be avoided, although its short term use may be indicated in preventing the normally occurring wear and tear in the liver

Comparative healing role of zinc in dermatitis and vaginitis

Zinc is frequently used throughout the world for the treatment of various skin ailments. In this study, the healing role of zinc in dermatitis and vaginitis and the proliferation of fibroblasts was observed in both the skin and vaginal tissues. Dermatitis and vaginitis was produced by the application of the allergen 2, 4, dinitro-1 chlorobenzene [DNCB 0.3%] on the skin and in the vagina. To compare external and internal healing power of zinc, treatment was administered in the form of injections of zinc gluconate. The results demonstrated a rapid healing in the vaginal tissue as compared to that of the skin. The mechanisms underlying the accelerated healing in response to zinc treatment in vaginitis, as observed, could be due to the increase in the number of fibroblasts and laying down of collagen